Most horrifying of the immediate results was the fate of 38,000 to 44,000 working-class Tokyo residents who fled to the open ground of the Rikugun Honjo Hifukusho, once called the Army Clothing Depot. The quake's magnitude is estimated at 7.9 to 8.2 on the Richter scale, and its epicenter was in the shallow waters of Sagami Bay, about 25 miles south of Tokyo. Many people died when their feet became stuck on melting tarmac. The source of the 1923 Kanto earthquake is a megathrust between Philippine Sea plate and Honshu plate. ThoughtCo. The RMS Empress of Australia was about to leave Yokohama harbour when the earthquake struck. In the film adaptation of Japan Sinks, Nihon Chinbotsu, the Sagami Trough ruptures in a massive earthquake called "The Second Great Kanto Earthquake". [citation needed] The dama… A P&O liner, Dongola, was also in the harbour at the moment of disaster and rescued 505 people, taking them to Kobe.[26]. The most disastrous fire whirl in history was during the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake in Japan, where a city sized fire spawned a fire whirl that killed 38,000 people in fifteen minutes. The Great Kanto Earthquake in Japan, 1923. Stunned survivors of the earthquake, tsunami, and firestorm looked for an explanation or a scapegoat, and the target of their fury was the ethnic Koreans living in their midst. Maurice Tourneur's 1924 silent film Torment has an earthquake in Yokohama in its plot, and uses footage of the Kantō earthquake in the film.[51]. In the 2017 josei manga Fushigi Yûgi Byakko Senki (by Yuu Watase), the heroine Suzuno Osugi enters The Universe of the Four Gods for the first time right after the earthquake: her father Takao, who is dying from injuries he suffered when the family house fatally collapsed on him and Suzuno's mother Tamayo, orders her to do so, so she will survive the disaster and its aftermath. The year of the quake, 1923, is referred to as Year 12 of the Taisho Era, the 12th year of Emperor Taisho's reign which lasted from 1912 - 1926. When these cleared away fire could be seen starting in many directions and in half an hour the whole city was in flames. The quake shook buildings, streets and people, but it also shook the cooking fires and moved the coal embers to and fro igniting a massive fire. The earthquake’s initial shock struck at 11:58 a.m., the time of day when most families were cooking lunch. Szczepanski, Kallie. Some discreet memorials are located in Yokoamicho Park in Sumida Ward, at the site of the open space in which an estimated 38,000 people were killed by a single fire tornado. [31] Moreover, anyone mistakenly identified as Korean, such as Chinese, Ryukyuans, and Japanese speakers of some regional dialects, suffered the same fate. Item title reads - Earthquake, fire and tidal wave destroy Tokyo and Yokohama and more than 250,000 people lost their lives. Stunned survivors of the earthquake, tsunami, and firestorm looked for an explanation or a scapegoat, and the target of their fury was the ethnic Koreans living in their midst. “A fire whirl emerged during Japan's Great Kanto Earthquake and killed 38,000 people in just 15 minutes. She has taught at the high school and university levels in the U.S. and South Korea. [50] The park houses a Buddhist-style memorial hall/museum, a memorial bell donated by Taiwanese Buddhists, a memorial to the victims of World War II Tokyo air raids, and a memorial to the Korean victims of the vigilante killings. After a brief time there, she's sent back to the already destroyed Tokyo and she, alongside her soon-to-be love interest Seiji Horie and two young boys named Hidero and Kenichi, are taken in by a friend of the late Takao, Dr. Oikawa. The unfinished battlecruiser Amagi was in drydock being converted into an aircraft carrier in Yokosuka in compliance with the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922. https://www.britannica.com/event/Tokyo-Yokohama-earthquake-of-1923 In Oswald Wynd's novel The Ginger Tree, Mary Mackenzie survives the earthquake, and later bases her clothes designing company in one of the few buildings that remained standing in the aftermath. [19] Some fires developed into firestorms[20][21][22] that swept across cities. [28] There were 57 aftershocks. Sept. 1, 1923 -- The Great Kanto Earthquake. The Great Kantō earthquake struck the Kantō Plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58 am on Saturday, September 1, 1923. Tokyo-Yokohama earthquake of 1923, also called Great Kanto earthquake, earthquake with a magnitude of 7.9 that struck the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area near noon on September 1, 1923. [24] American Acting Consul General Max David Kirjassoff and his wife Alice Josephine Ballantine Kirjassoff died in the earthquake.[25]. [44] Proposed sites for the new capital were even discussed. About 700 Chinese, mostly from Wenzhou, were killed. The josei manga and anime Kasei Yakyoku (by author Makiko Hirata) also finishes some time after the earthquake, as a corollary to the main love triangle between the noblewoman Akiko Hashou, her lover Taka Itou, and Akiko's personal maid Sara Uchida. . [citation needed] In some towns, even police stations into which Korean people had escaped were attacked by mobs, whereas in other neighbourhoods, residents took steps to protect them. Sept. 1, 1923 -- The Great Kanto Earthquake. The Great Kantō earthquake (関東大震災, Kantō daishinsai) was a Japanese natural disaster in the Kantō region of the island of Honshū. In Japan Sinks, in one scene in the book, due to the fast-moving subduction of the Pacific and Eurasian plates, the Sagami Trough ruptures in a magnitude-8.5 earthquake, killing several million people in Tokyo and other areas, causing major tsunamis, and creating major firestorms. A strong typhoon centered off the coast of the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture brought high winds to Tokyo Bay at about the same time as the earthquake. the Japanese economy in the great Kantō earthquake of 1923. [27] The damage is estimated to have exceeded 1 billion USD (or about $15 billion today). The cause was a rupture of part of the convergent boundary where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting beneath the Okhotsk Plate along the line of the Sagami Trough.[13]. The quake struck at 11:58 a.m., so many people were cooking lunch. Following the devastation of the earthquake, some in the government considered the possibility of moving the capital elsewhere. [citation needed] According to the Japanese construction company Kajima Kobori Research's conclusive report of September 2004, 105,385 deaths were confirmed in the 1923 quake.[16][17][18]. [14], This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. In 1960, the government declared September 1, on the 37th anniversary of the quake, as an annual "Disaster Prevention Day". The destruction of the US embassy caused Ambassador Cyrus Woods to relocate the embassy to the hotel. This is the best book to read for anyone interested in learning more about the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 that left Yokohama a smoking ruin and Tokyo and nearby environs devastated, killing 140,000 people in the great conflagration of earthquake, tsunami, and fire that lasted over two days. The coals from cooking fires moved about on the wooden floors of houses and buildings, fires broke out and quickly spread. Marele cutremur Kanto din 1923 - Brown University Library Center for Digital Scholarship ; Marele masacru de cutremur Kanto - OhmyNews ; Centrul internațional seismologic are o bibliografie și / sau date autoritare pentru acest eveniment. It was all part of Disaster Prevention Day, which takes place annually to mark the anniversary of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, one of the … The innovative design used to construct the Imperial Hotel, and its structural fortitude, inspired the creation of the popular Lincoln Logs toy.[47]. This earthquake devastated Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, and the surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka, and caused widespread damage throughout the Kantō region. The Great Kanto Earthquake, 1923 Hannah Gould. The SS Dongola's captain reported that, while he was anchored in Yokohama's inner harbor: At 11.55 a.m. ship commenced to tremble and vibrate violently and on looking towards the shore it was seen that a terrible earthquake was taking place, buildings were collapsing in all directions and in a few minutes nothing could be seen for clouds of dust. The Great Kanto Earthquake triggered another horrifying result. September 5, 2013 – The Great Japan Earthquake of 1923: The powerful quake and ensuing tsunami that struck Yokohama and Tokyo traumatized a nation and unleashed historic consequences. The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes. The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 was one devastating event after another. ", Clancey, Gregory. Extensive firestorms and even a fire tornado added to the death toll. In the hours and days following, nationalist and racist rhetoric took hold across Japan. In 1923, a fire whirl broke out during Japan's Great Kanto Earthquake and killed 38,000 people in just 15 minutes. Szczepanski, Kallie. When tectonic plates shifted far beneath Sagami Bay, 30 miles (48 kilometers) south of Tokyo, on Sept. 1, 1920, they unleashed the double whammy typical of such events: a strong earthquake followed by a tsunami. Although both were devastated, the city of Yokohama was hit even worse than Tokyo. The 1923 earthquake led to record-high morbidity due to unsanitary conditions following the earthquake, and it prompted the establishment of antityphoid measures and the building of urban infrastructure. Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted. Just eight years later, the nation took its first steps toward World War II with the invasion and occupation of Manchuria. The epicenter of the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake was deep beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay. There are several different names for this phenomenon. Illustration of the origins and extent of fire damage from the Great Kanto Earthquake, 1923. [35][36][37] Some newspapers reported the rumors as fact, including the allegation that Koreans were poisoning wells. [42], Amidst the mob violence against Koreans in the Kantō Region, regional police and the Imperial Army used the pretext of civil unrest to liquidate political dissidents. In 1923, people were still cooking with fire stoves powered by coal. In contrast to London, where typhoid fever had been steadily declining since the 1870s, the rate in Tokyo remained high, more so in the upper-class residential northern and western districts than in the densely populated working-class eastern district. The quake is remembered by Japanese authors as the Great Kanto Earthquake, Kanto being the name of the region which includes Tokyo.

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